How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, however it can affect adults too. If diagnosed and treated for ADHD, a person can lead a happier life.
Interviewing the person and their family members may be a part of an evaluation for ADHD. The doctor may also look over the school records of the past to determine if symptoms began as when a child.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD is a disorder that impacts school, work and family life. Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time to time. To be able to identify the disorder, someone must show signs of major impairment in at least two of these areas and demonstrate that the symptoms significantly hinder daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for at least six months.
To establish a diagnosis a doctor will interview the patient about their symptoms and ask about family history and medical conditions. They can also use rating systems to assess symptoms in children or adults. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They ask about the symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
In adults, doctors may ask to speak with a significant other or people who know the patient well. This isn't to question honesty, but to gain more insight into a person's behavior that can't be obtained from an interview. They might inquire about their childhood behaviors and consult the old school records to determine if symptoms began before the age of 12.
Before determining the cause, the doctor will conduct an extensive physical examination and run tests in order to rule other conditions out for thyroid issues or head injuries, which could trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also check the person's list of medications. Doctors will take into consideration the interaction between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other issues. This is why it's essential for adults to talk to their primary healthcare providers in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
For a person to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in more than one setting (like school, home and at work) and seriously hinder functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and cannot be caused by a different disorder like anxiety or depression.
A psychiatrist or a mental health professional will use a variety of tools during the evaluation that include ADHD symptom checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a detailed medical history. They might also talk to family members and friends to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They will ask if the symptoms are similar to other psychiatric conditions or physical conditions.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the person's medical history and family history to ensure there isn't any underlying reason for their symptoms such as thyroid issues or head injuries, or medications.
In certain instances the examiner may decide to conduct cognitive testing or request that the person take an imaging test to determine the cause of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People who suffer from these issues tend to show different symptoms than those who don't have them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls display inattentional symptoms.
Some people with ADHD are interested in participating in a clinical trial to test new treatments. While this is an excellent opportunity to contribute to further research, it is important for participants to realize that the main purpose of these studies is to gain information from the scientific community and does not necessarily guarantee that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect they may have ADHD it is important to find a specialist trained in diagnosing the disorder. Check with your health insurance provider to determine whether ADHD specialists are covered, and then seek referrals from your family doctor or other health professionals. Additionally, read here from word-of-mouth are a good option.
A doctor will interview the patient -- or their parents, in the case of children, about symptoms. She might use checklists with standardized criteria or ADHD symptoms, and also ask other people in a person's life for information including spouses and their families. Personal experience often reveals more than can be gleaned from questionnaires.
Experts will also look over old school records, and especially old reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is based on a person's history and, in order to be diagnosed with the condition, the symptoms must be present since childhood (technically prior to age 12).
A physical exam is typically performed. It's also a way to check for any other medical issues that could be causing symptoms, such seizures or thyroid issues. A neurological exam is typically performed by a specialist to test the coordination and motor control. Psychological tests that test intelligence and abilities may be used. A person could be asked to complete simple computer tasks designed to test attention and memory. This can help the expert determine if a person is hyperactive, inattentive or an impulsive. The expert will choose the best treatment plan and then make an appropriate diagnosis. Typically, the treatment plan includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy or talk therapy can help adults and children learn healthy ways to cope and change negative thinking patterns. The therapy can be offered by a primary doctor or a mental health specialist who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD get better by taking medication, though it's not the only option to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children are also able to benefit from psychotherapy, behavioral therapy or any combination of the two. These therapies aid them in coping and learn to live with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and how to manage it, may be included. They can include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is essential to find a health care provider or mental health professional with experience treating ADHD. You can ask other people with ADHD for suggestions or a mental health provider you've met. You can also conduct an online search. It is best to locate an expert who is familiar with your insurance plan.
The health care provider will ask you or your child about the symptoms and problems that are caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination and check for other health issues that could cause similar symptoms. They will look over your your child's medical history and family history, school records, and other reports.
diagnosis for adhd in adults in adults can be more difficult because the symptoms Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-V) are mostly geared toward diagnosing children. Your doctor may interview you or your children about the symptoms and ask others who spend a lot of time with them to fill out questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants, such as methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine as well as non-stimulants such as atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They function by increasing and balancing levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid disorders, like depression or anxiety. Because of this, treatment should include therapy that targets these issues. Certain patients may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy that teaches skills such as managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Therapists can also help patients learn to manage their symptoms by making lifestyle changes. Regular exercise can help reduce hyperactivity and improve focus. A healthier diet is also essential for those with ADHD tend to eat higher levels of sugar and fat, and eat fewer vegetables and fruits than other people. In addition, making family and social relationships an important factor can reduce stress levels and help individuals feel more in control of their lives.
A diagnosis of ADHD can aid children and adults to comprehend their difficulties. For instance, a child with ADHD may have trouble communicating his or her demands to peers and teachers, but once a teacher understands that it's not personal or due to laziness accommodations can be provided.
A professional evaluating ADHD will ask questions that are geared towards the person's specific age, talk to family members and teachers, review medical records, and check for any comorbidities. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records could be useful for adults.
The specialist will also check for any hearing or vision issues with hearing or vision. They may also perform a blood test to look for certain hormones as well as other health issues that could cause symptoms similar to ADHD.